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6. Joydeep Baruah, 'Poverty in North East India: An Overview', in Social
Sector Development in North East India (New Delhi: Sage Publications,
Forthcoming).

7. Consumer Expenditure Survey Data, NSSO, 68th Round, 2011-12 (using
Tendulkar Poverty Lines).

8. R Mahanta (2019) 'Out-migration, remittance and its socio-economic
consequences in Assam', mimeo, OKD Institute of Social Change and Development,
Guwahati; K Das (2020), 'Unemployment and outmigration for work from Northeast
India: How does it ensure economic wellbeing', in Social Sector Development in
Northeast India, Sage (forthcoming).

9. R Mahanta (2019).

10. C K Sharma and Prarthana Barua (2017) 'Small Tea Plantation and Its
impact in Rural Landscape of Contemporary Assam', InternationalJournal of Rural
Management, Vol. 13 (2) Sage Publications.

11. As per Cost of Cultivation Data, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of
India. This amount includes costs of family labour and attached labour (44.1
percent), hired labour (13.4 percent), animal labour (24.0 percent) and machinery or
power tiller (9.2 percent), fertiliser and manure (3.8 percent), seeds (2.7 percent),
irrigation (1.1 percent) and interest on working capital (1.7 percent).

12. Survey on “Work and Well-being in Rural Assam”, OKDISCD, Guwahati
(survey conducted during December 2018 – April 2019) estimates agriculture
labour at 2.5 percent of the total workforce in the state or 2.84 lakhs to as per Census
2011 while DES (2016 – 17) estimates agricultural labourer at 3.66 lakh.

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